Does Asthma Disrupt Psychological Wellbeing in Pregnancy?

(1) Background: Asthma is a very prevalent disease with special characteristics during pregnancy, however, little is known about its relationship to the psychological wellbeing of women in this period; we aimed to know whether depression and anxiety symptoms are more frequent in asthmatic pregnant women. (2) Methods: Family Apgar (week 20), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (weeks 20 and 32) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (week 32) tests were administered to 738 pregnant women (81 asthmatics) in the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort. (3) Results: There were no significant differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic pregnant women in any of the different tests at any of the time points. The mean scores for the different tests and timepoints between asthmatic and non-asthmatic pregnant women were: Apgar 20, 17.9 ± 2.2 vs. 10.0 ± 2.2; Edinburgh 20, 6.7 ± 4.2 vs. 6.9 ± 4.3; Edinburgh 32, 5.9 ± 4.4 vs. 5.6 ± 4.3; and STAI 32, 16.7 ± 8.4 vs. 15.8 ± 8.3. The proportion of pregnant women out of the normal range score for any of the tests and time points was also similar in both populations. (4) Conclusions: asthma is not associated with the psychological wellbeing of pregnant women.

Assessment of hyperactivity-impulsivity and attention deficit in adolescents by self-report and its association with psychopathology and academic performance.

The scientific literature highlights the risk of the appearance of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, together with difficulties in the academic area, linked to diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is normally assessed by teachers and primary caregivers, disregarding the self-perception of the adolescents themselves, which limits detection of this disorder at an evolutionary stage. Our aim was to analyze the psychometric properties of a self-report for ADHD in adolescence and its relationship with psychopathology and academic performance. This study assessed an incidental sample of 267 students from secondary schools in the Region of Murcia, Spain, using the EDAH questionnaire adapted for self-report, in order to analyze its psychometric properties in assessing ADHD. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) were also used to determine their association with psychopathological, self-control and academic performance variables. An ADHD prevalence of between 3.7 and 13.1% was observed depending on the established cut-off point. The adapted EDAH showed adequate reliability indices (α = 0.818; ω = 0.817) and explained a high variance percentage (50.655%). Adolescents with anxiety/depression difficulties, dissocial behavior, aggressiveness, and poor performance in mathematics showed a higher amount of ADHD symptoms. Moreover, self-control, dissocial behavior, age, and performance in Social Sciences acted as predictors of the disorder. The good psychometric properties of this questionnaire and its adequate correspondence with other variables of interest suggest it is an appropriate self-report instrument to assess ADHD in adolescence.

Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence During Confinement: Characteristics by Age and Sex.

The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions imposed to stop its advance have affected the entire population. Children living with difficulties or in vulnerable situations prior to the pandemic might have suffered an even greater impact. This present study examines the psychological impact of quarantine on children and adolescents exposed to intimate partner violence against their mothers. Participants were 185 mothers who reported 269 children, as well as 108 children who self-reported. An emotional and behavioral checklist was administered to both mothers and children throughout confinement. Results show mothers observed changes in their children's psychological state. Children, in turn, reported an increase in different variables. Mothers reported a higher percentage of overall increase for both general and severe symptoms than their children. Differences were found by sex and age. Future research with similar population groups is necessary to establish the support and intervention children require in similar contexts, as well as to clarify possible causes of differences found by age and sex.

Effects of a Residential Multimodal Psychological Treatment in an Addicted Population, at 6 and 12 Months: Differences Between Men and Women.

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of a residential multimodal treatment intervention for an addict population. We gathered participants from the "Programa Base" (n = 166) of the Solidarity and Reinsertion Foundation of Murcia, and assessed the various problematic areas with the EuropASI at baseline level, 6 months and 12 months of treatment. We found improved outcomes in every area except for Legal Status. In addition, we found differences between male and female participants in their baseline evaluation, as well as between completers and non-completers. In conclusion, this data shows us some changes which occurred in individuals with problematic drug use during treatment, going further into the complex social reality which causes great suffering and damage to people and their families.

Self-perceived and reported mental health in older adults

Son numerosos los trabajos que evalúan la salud mental de las personas mayores, pero relativamente escasos los que lo hacen desde una perspectiva multi-informante. En este trabajo se analizaron las discrepan-cias en la autopercepción y la percepción que tienen otros de la salud men-tal de las personas mayores, en dos franjas de edad, diferenciando por se-xos, lugar de residencia y se analizaron las relaciones entre diferentes esca-las que miden psicopatología y competencias psicosociales. Se empleó una muestra de 288 personas mayores entre 60-95 años (154 mujeres, 53.47%) pertenecientes a 12 municipios de la Región de Murcia, y se empleó el cuestionario OlderAdultSelf-Report(OASR) para medir la psicopatología de las personas mayores y el instrumentoOlderAdultBeha-viorChecklist(OABCL) para conocer la percepción de la familia de estos problemas.Los resultados reflejan que existen diferentes percepciones de la salud men-tal entre personas mayores y sus familiares, que empeoran al aumentar la edad, la situación de riesgo psicosocial y el género femenino. Esto refleja la necesidad de desarrollar protocolos de tratamiento específicos para cada género y situación de riesgo psicosocial, con el fin de atender las necesida-des diferenciales de salud mental de las personas mayores.(AU)

Several studies assess mental health in older adults, but relatively few do so from a multi-informant perspective. In this work, discrepancies in self-perception and third-person perception of the mental health of older adults were analyzed in two age groups and differentiated by sex and place of residence. Relationships between different scales that measure psychopathology and psychosocial competencies were also analyzed.A sample of 288 older people aged between 60-95 years old (154 women, 53.47%) belonging to 12 municipalities in the Region of Murcia was em-ployed, and the Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) questionnaire was used to measure the psychopathology of older people and the Older Adult Be-havior Checklist (OABCL) instrument to find out thefamily's perception of these problems.Outcomes show different perceptions of mental health among older peo-ple and their families, which worsen with increasing age, psychosocial risk status and female gender. This reflects the need to develop specific treat-ment protocols for each gender and psychosocial risk situation, in order to address the differential mental health needs in older people.(AU)

The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods.

BACKGROUND: Primary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system, epigenome and volatilome as potential mechanisms influencing disease susceptibility. POPULATION: Randomly selected pregnant women from three health areas of Murcia, a south-eastern Mediterranean region of Spain, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate at the time of the follow-up visit for routine foetal anatomy scan at 19-22 weeks of gestation, at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit of the "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital over a 36-month period, from March 2015 to April 2018. DESIGN: Prospective, population-based, maternal-child, birth cohort study. METHODS: Questionnaires on exposures and outcome variables were administered to mothers at 20-24 gestation week; 32-36 gestation week; and delivery. Children were surveyed at birth, 3 and 18 months of age and currently at 5 years. Furthermore, physical examinations were performed; and different measurements and biological samples were obtained at these time points. PRELIMINARY RESULTS: Among the 1350 women invited to participate, 738 (54%) were finally enrolled in the study and 720 of their children were eligible at birth. The adherence was high with 612 children (83%) attending the 3 months' visit and 532 children (72%) attending the 18 months' visit. CONCLUSION: The NELA cohort will add original and unique knowledge to the developmental origins of asthma.

Gender Perspective in Research on Interventions in Children with Experiences of Parental Gender-Based Violence: Application of GPIHR Criteria.

The aim of this study was to analyse the inclusion of a gender perspective (GP) in scientific production on interventions for a reduction in psychological distress in children who have experienced parental gender-based violence (CEXPGBV). To achieve this, a review of publications was carried out in the Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 3418 records were found, and 44 items of research selected. For GP analysis, the questionnaire "Gender perspective in health research" (GPIHR) was applied and relationships with the terminology of violence were analysed, as well as the definition of term used, references to violence by men or received by women and the instruments used to assess these. Generally, the assessed studies do not contain a GP, since 70% of the GPIHR items were answered negatively. Likewise, 89% of research used general terms to refer to violence without referring to gender. These results show the importance of considering instruments such as GPIHR in both the planning and development of future research in order to avoid possible gender bias.

Consecuencias del maltrato crónico intrafamiliar en la infancia: Trauma del desarrollo / Consequences of chronic intra-family abuse in childhood: Developmental trauma

Los traumas tempranos y repetidos en el contexto de las relaciones de apego impactan de una manera dramática en el desarrollo de los niños/as, generando una diversidad de manifestaciones psicopatológicas complejas, que se incluyen en la última versión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-11) como un diagnóstico nuevo denominado Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático Complejo (TEPT-C). Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron, por un lado, ofrecer una revisión de la sintomatología pos-traumática que se desarrolla por la exposición a estos eventos traumáticos, y, por otro, recapitular la evidencia empírica existente del TEPT-C o Trastorno Traumático del Desarrollo (TTD). Los resultados de los estudios revisados confirman la presencia de síntomas extensos y heterogéneos, así como graves alteraciones en la autorregulación (afectiva, cognitiva y conductual), que se ajustan a un TEPT Complejo o TTD, por lo que los datos existentes apoyarían la validez de dichos diagnósticos

Repeated and early attachment trauma has a huge impact on children's development, producing a wide range of psychopathology, which is included as a new diagnosis called complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in the 11th revision to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The aim of this study is to provide a review of the posttraumatic symptomatology caused by exposure to complex traumatic events and to summarize the existing empirical evidence on CPTSD and developmental trauma disorder (DTD). The results of the reviewed studies confirm the presence of extensive and heterogeneous symptoms, as well as serious affective, cognitive, and behavioral self-regulation alterations, which correspond to complex PTSD or DTD. Therefore, the current data support the validity of these diagnostic proposals

Salud mental en personas con trastorno por consumo de sustancias: aspectos diferenciales entre hombres y mujeres / Mental health in people with substance use disorder: differential aspects between men and women

El propósito de este estudio es presentar el perfil psicopatológico y las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres que inician tratamiento residencial para las adicciones. La muestra se compuso de 142 pacientes (116 hombres y 26 mujeres), que cumplimentaron el EuropASI y MMCMI-III. Se analizan variables socio-demográficas, patrón de consumo y otras características, así como patrones, trastornos de personalidad y síndromes clínicos. El grupo de hombres presenta alta prevalencia en el patrón de personalidad antisocial (31%). Las mujeres, en el depresivo (23,1%), dependiente (26,9%) y antisocial (26,9%), solo en el dependiente las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas. En los síndromes clínicos los hombres presentan prevalencia en dependencia de sustancias (86,2%), trastorno de ansiedad (60,3%) y dependencia de alcohol (45,7%), las mujeres en el trastorno de ansiedad (76,9%), dependencia de alcohol (69,2%), sustancias (53,8%) y distímico (46,2%). Aparecen diferencias significativas estadísticamente en el trastorno ansioso, distímico y dependencia de alcohol, donde las mujeres se muestran más afectadas. En el síndrome clínico trastorno de pensamiento los hombres puntúan más alto y las mujeres más altas en depresión, en ambos casos las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas. Se comentan las implicaciones que estos resultados tienen en la evaluación y mejora de los tratamientos

The aim of this study is to present the psychopathological profile and the differences between men and women who start an addition residential treatment. The sample included 142 patients (116 were men and 26 women). We analysed socio-demographic variables, consumption pattern as well as personality disorders and clinical syndromes using EuropASI and MCMI-III as evaluating instruments. Men group showed a high prevalence at antisocial personality disorder (31%). On the other hand, women did so at depressive (23,1%), dependent (26,9%) and antisocial (26,9%) patterns, finding statistically significant differences only at the dependent disorder. At clinical syndromes men showed a relevant prevalence when analysing substances dependence (86,2%), anxiety disorder (60,3%) and alcohol dependence (45,7%), and women group at anxiety disorder (76,9%), alcohol dependence (69,2%), substances (53,8%) and dysthymic (46,2%). We found statistically significant differences at anxiety disorder, dystymic and alcohol dependence where women appeared to be more affected. At thought clinical syndrome men raised higher scores, and women did so at depression, being both differences statistically significant. The results are discussed and their clinical implications analysed

Association of metreleptin treatment and dietary intervention with neurological outcomes in Celia's encephalopathy.

Celia's encephalopathy (progressive encephalopathy with/without lipodystrophy, PELD) is a recessive neurodegenerative disease that is fatal in childhood. It is caused by a c.985C>T variant in the BSCL2/seipin gene that results in an aberrant seipin protein. We evaluated neurological development before and during treatment with human recombinant leptin (metreleptin) plus a dietary intervention rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the only living patient. A 7 years and 10 months old girl affected by PELD was treated at age 3 years with metreleptin, adding at age 6 omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Her mental age was evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test (BDI), and brain PET/MRI was performed before treatment and at age 5, 6.5, and 7.5 years. At age 7.5 years, the girl remains alive and leads a normal life for her mental age of 30 months, which increased by 4 months over the last 18 months according to BDI. PET images showed improved glucose uptake in the thalami, cerebellum, and brainstem. This patient showed a clear slowdown in neurological regression during leptin replacement plus a high PUFA diet. The aberrant BSCL2 transcript was overexpressed in SH-SY5Y cells and was treated with docosahexaenoic acid (200 µM) plus leptin (0.001 mg/ml) for 24 h. The relative expression of aberrant BSCL2 transcript was measured by qPCR. In vitro studies showed significant reduction (32%) in aberrant transcript expression. This therapeutic approach should be further studied in this devastating disease.

Mother's IPV, Child Maltreatment Type and the Presence of PTSD in Children and Adolescents.

This correlational cross-sectional study was designed to investigate whether the intimate partner violence (IPV) suffered by mothers (physical and psychological maltreatment), child eyewitness of psychological and physical maltreatment suffered by the mother, the neglect suffered by children, and the maltreatment (physical and psychological) directly suffered by children are statistically associated to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms exhibited by the child. In addition, the prevalence of child PTSD was estimated, as well as the concordance between the PTSD symptoms assessed by the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for child PTSD. The sample consisted of 152 Spanish children aged 8 to 17 and their mothers, who were recruited from Centers of Specialized Assistance for Women Victims of IPV. PTSD prevalence was 20.4%. The results of a canonical correlation analysis showed that the two types of maltreatment with the largest contribution to the canonical variable were physical maltreatment directly suffered by the child, and child eyewitness of physical maltreatment suffered by the mother. The potential developmental pathway of PTSD when both children and mothers suffer severe maltreatment needs to be examined, and this will contribute to the choice of the most effective type of specialized intervention.

Communication deficits and avoidance of angry faces in children with autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND: Understanding how emotional faces are processed is important to help characterize the social deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). AIMS: We examined: (i) whether attention is modulated by emotional facial expression; (ii) the time course of the attentional preferences (short vs. long stimulus presentation rates); and (iii) the association between attentional biases and autistic symptomatology. METHOD AND PROCEDURES: We applied a dot-probe experiment with emotional faces (happy, sad, and angry). The sample was composed of ASD children without additional language and/or intellectual impairments (n=29) and age-matched Typically Developing (TD) children (n=29). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: When compared to the TD group, the ASD group showed an attentional bias away from angry faces at long presentation rates. No differences between groups were found for happy or sad faces. Furthermore, correlational analyses showed that the higher avoidance of angry faces, the greater are the social communication difficulties of ASD children. The attentional bias away from angry faces may be an underlying mechanism of social dysfunction in ASD. We discuss the implications of these findings for current theories of emotional processing in ASD.

Trastorno de estrés postraumático en escolares tras el terremoto de Lorca (España) en 2011 / Post-traumatic stress disorder in schoolchildren after the 2011 earthquake in Lorca (Spain)

Objetivo Analizar la prevalencia del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en menores al mes y al año del terremoto de Lorca, en 2011.MétodosMediante un diseño secuencial-transversal, 495 escolares al mes y 374 al año, de entre 8 y 12 años de edad, procedentes de centros educativos de la ciudad, fueron evaluados para TEPT completo y parcial utilizando la Children Postraumatic Stress Disorder Symtoms Scale. Resultados El 55,4% de los menores (65,6% niñas y 46,9% niños) presentaba TEPT al mes del seísmo, y el 40,1% (44,5% niñas y 35,9% niños) al año. Una de cada dos niñas pequeñas (8-10 años) presenta TEPT al año del terremoto. Discusión Se constata un efecto diferencial de sexo y edad: los menores más pequeños, especialmente las niñas, son colectivos de especial riesgo, incluso al año del desastre (AU)

Objective To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children after the 2011 earthquake in Lorca (Spain).Methods By using a cross-sequential design, children aged from 8 to 12 years (495 students at 1 month and 374 at 1 year) were assessed for full and partial PTSD using the Post-traumatic Children's Symptoms Stress Disorder Scale. Results The percentage of children with PTSD was 55.4% (65.6% of girls and 46.9% of boys) at 1 month and 40.1% (44.5% girls and 35.9% children) at 1 year. One in two young girls (8-10 years) had PTSD 1 year after the earthquake. Discussion A differential effect was observed due to gender and age, in which younger children, especially girls, were particularly at risk, even 1 year after the earthquake (AU)

[Post-traumatic stress disorder in schoolchildren after the 2011 earthquake in Lorca (Spain)]. / Trastorno de estrés postraumático en escolares tras el terremoto de Lorca (España) en 2011.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children after the 2011 earthquake in Lorca (Spain). METHODS: By using a cross-sequential design, children aged from 8 to 12 years (495 students at 1 month and 374 at 1 year) were assessed for full and partial PTSD using the Post-traumatic Children's Symptoms Stress Disorder Scale. RESULTS: The percentage of children with PTSD was 55.4% (65.6% of girls and 46.9% of boys) at 1 month and 40.1% (44.5% girls and 35.9% children) at 1 year. One in two young girls (8-10 years) had PTSD 1 year after the earthquake. DISCUSSION: A differential effect was observed due to gender and age, in which younger children, especially girls, were particularly at risk, even 1 year after the earthquake.

Alteraciones psicológicas en menores expuestos a violencia de género: Prevalencia y diferencias de género y edad / Psychological disorders in children exposed to intimate partner violence: prevalence and gender and age differences

Antecedentes: La exposición de menores a la violencia del padre hacía la madre es un tipo de maltrato infantil y conlleva consecuencias psicológicas muy negativas. Este trabajo expone las características y prevalencias de ocho síndromes empíricos en menores expuestos. Método: Un total de 91 menores expuestos a violencia de género fueron valorados a través del Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) en un programa de Intervención Psicológica. Se analizan los resultados y prevalencias de ocho síndromes empíricos de la muestra total, por sexo y por edad en comparación con población normal. Resultados: Los menores expuestos a violencia de género remitidos a consulta clínica, difieren significativamente de la población normal. La prevalencia clínica de los síndromes es significativamente superior con respecto a lo esperable en menores de su edad (hasta 10 veces superior). Las niñas y los menores de menor edad suelen manifestar prevalencias superiores. Conclusiones: La exposición a violencia de género determina en los/as menores graves consecuencias psicológicas que influyen negativamente en su bienestar, desarrollo psicológico y salud mental y que hacen necesario atender este importante problema social (AU)

Background: Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence against women it is a kind of child maltreatment and it carries very negative psychological consequences. This work shows the prevalences and characteristics of eight empirical syndromes in exposed children. Method: A number of 91 exposed children to intimate partner violence were assessed through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in a Psychological Intervention Program. The results are analyzed and eight empirical syndromes prevalences total sample, by gender and age compared to normal population. Results: The children exposed to intimate partner violence show higher prevalence in all syndromes than normal population. The clinical prevalence of syndromes can become 10 times higher than normal population. Moreover, girls and younger children show higher prevalences. Conclusions: Children's exposure to intimate partner violence can cause important psychological consequences what impacts in welfare, mental health and how the child develops psychologically. Therefore, it's necessary to address this important social problem (AU)

Prevalencia de las alteraciones emocionales en una muestra de menores maltratados / Prevalence of emotional disorders in a sample of battered children

En este trabajo se exponen las prevalencias de indicadores psicopatológicos (ansiedad, depresión e ira) derivados de la exposición a situaciones de maltrato intrafamiliar, en una muestra de 42 menores tutelados (57% niños y 43% niñas). Dicha investigación se ha realizado en base al Proyecto de Evaluación, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento Psicológico en Menores Tutelados (PEDIMET). Para tal fin, en primer lugar se realizó un análisis de la consistencia interna de los instrumentos de evaluación seleccionados: Cuestionario de Autoevaluación Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en niños (STAIC; Spielberger, 1973); Cuestionario de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad para niños (CASI; Silverman, Fleisig, Rabian y Peterson, 1991), Inventario de Depresión Infantil (CDI; Kovacs, 1992) e Inventario de expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo en niños y adolescentes (STAXI-NA; Del Barrio, Spielberger y Aluja, 2005). Se analizan las prevalencias en ansiedad (CASI, 33.71% y STAIC 11.43% para A-E y A-R), depresión (19%) e ira (20% para Rasgo y 7.5% para Estado), así como las diferencias relativas al sexo, en la muestra seleccionada (AU)

In this paper we describe the prevalence of psychopathology indicators (anxiety, depression and anger) from exposure to situations of domestic abuse in a sample of 42 children in care (57% boys and 43% girls). This research was conducted based on the Project Evaluation, Diagnosis and Psychological Tratment in Children Care (PEDIMET). To this end, we first performed an analysis of the internal consistency of the assessment tools selected: SAQ State-Trait Anxiety in children (STAIC, Spielberger, 1973); Questionnaire Anxiety Sensitivity for children (CASI; Silverman, Fleisig, Rabies and Peterson, 1991), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI, Kovacs, 1992) and Anger Expression Inventory State-Trait in children and adolescents (STAXI-NA, Del Barrio, Aluja Spielberger, 2005). We analyze the prevalence in anxiety (CASI, 33.71% and 11.43% STAIC for SA and TA), depression (19%) and anger (20% to 7.5% Trait State) as well as differences relating to sex in the selected sample (AU)

Características y prevalencia de los problemas de ansiedad, depresión y quejas somáticas en una muestra clínica infantil de 8 a 12 años, mediante el CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) / Characteristics and prevalence of anxiety disorders, depression and somatic complaints in a 8 to 12 years old child clinical sample using the CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist)

Este trabajo presenta la sintomatología internalizante de ansiedad, depresión y quejas somáticas, obtenida en una muestra clínica de 300 niños y niñas de edades entre 8 y 12 años. Se ha empleado como instrumento una escala abreviada (96 items) del CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Achenbach y Edelbrock, 1983).La prevalencia encontrada en los factores CBCL-DSM para la muestra total, estimada a partir del percentil 98 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), es 54% en ansiedad, 32% en alteraciones afectivas y 29% en quejas somáticas; apareciendo más niños que niñas en las dos primeras alteraciones. Se realizó un análisis factorial común y se hallaron tres síndromes empíricos internalizantes: ansiedad-depresión, quejas somáticas y retraimiento-depresión. En estos síndromes empíricos la prevalencia, a partir de la media más una desviación típica, es: 18% en ansiedad-depresión y quejas somáticas, y del 14% en retraimiento-depresión, en todos los casos superior en niños que en niñas (AU)

This paper shows the internalizing symptoms: anxiety, depression and somatic complaints, obtained in a clinical sample from 300 boys and girls aged between 8 and 12 years. The instrument used was the abbreviated Child Behavior Checklist Scale (CBCL) (Achenbach & Edelbrock 1983) of 96 items. The prevalence found in the CBCL-DSM factors in the total sample, estimated from 98th percentile (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), is 54% in anxiety, 32% in affective alterations, and 29% in somatic complaints, finding a higher prevalence in boys than girls in the first two alterations. A factorial analysis was carried out and it was found three internalizing empirical syndromes: anxious/depressed, somatic complaints and withdrawn/depressed. In these empirical syndromes the prevalence, from mean plus one SD of the sample, is: 18% in anxious/depressed and somatic complaints, and 14% in withdrawn/depressed, and in all factors the prevalence was higher in boys than girls (AU)

[Psychological treatment of physical maltreatment and negligence in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis]. / Tratamiento psicológico del maltrato físico y la negligencia en niños y adolescentes: un meta-análisis.

The results of a meta-analysis about the efficacy of psychological treatment for children who have suffered physical maltreatment and neglect by their parents or tutors are presented. Sixteen studies that met our selection criteria were included, providing 22 treated groups and 8 control groups. The results showed an absence of clear differences among the diverse treatments, although all of them exhibited a low-to-medium practical significance. The longer they are, the more effective are the treatments and also when neglect was the type of maltreatment suffered by the children. The effect estimates do not seem to be affected by biases. Finally, the clinical implications of the results, as well as those for future research, are discussed.

Tratamiento psicológico del maltrato físico y la negligencia en niños y adolescentes: un meta-análisis / Psychological treatment of physical maltreatment and negligence in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Se presentan los resultados de un meta-análisis sobre la eficacia de los tratamientos psicológicos de menores que han sufrido maltrato físico y negligencia por parte de sus padres o tutores. Se incluyeron 16 estudios que cumplían con los criterios de selección, dando lugar a 22 grupos tratados y 8 grupos de control. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la ausencia de diferencias claras entre los diferentes tratamientos, si bien sus efectos tienen significación práctica de magnitud media-baja. Los tratamientos son más efectivos cuanto mayor es su duración y con menores que han sufrido negligencia. Las estimaciones de los efectos no parecen verse afectadas por sesgos. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones clínicas de los resultados para la investigación futura (AU)

The results of a meta-analysis about the efficacy of psychological treatment for children who have suffered physical maltreatment and neglect by their parents or tutors are presented. Sixteen studies that met our selection criteria were included, providing 22 treated groups and 8 control groups. The results showed an absence of clear differences among the diverse treatments, although all of them exhibited a low-to-medium practical significance. The longer they are, the more effective are the treatments and also when neglect was the type of maltreatment suffered by the children. The effect estimates do not seem to be affected by biases. Finally, the clinical implications of the results, as well as those for future research, are discussed (AU)

Prevalencia y características de los síntomas externalizantes en la infancia. Diferencias de género / Prevalence and characteristics of externalizing symptoms in childhood. Gender differences

En este trabajo se exponen las características de los síndromes empíricos de tipo externalizante, así como su prevalencia en una muestra clínica pediátrica. Se utilizó como instrumento el Inventario Clínico Infantil (ICI), basado en la segunda parte del Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), que evalúa comportamientos y emociones. Se ha aplicado a 300 niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 12 años, de la Unidad de Psicología Clínica Infantil del HospitalUniversitario de Murcia. Mediante la realización de un análisis factorial se han obtenido tres síndromes empíricos equivalentes a los tres trastornos del comportamiento perturbador: Disocial, Oposicionismo-Desafiante y Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad. Se han obtenido diferentes prevalencias estimadas a partir de puntuaciones propias de la muestra (18,1%,18,5% y 14,5%, respectivamente); y de las correspondientes al percentil 98 del CBCL (44%,28,3% y 40,6%). No hay diferencias entre niños y niñas en Problemas de Conducta (Disocial),mientras que es superior en niños en Oposicionismo-Desafiante. En Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad los niños presentan una prevalencia más alta que las niñas según corrección CBCL (49,3% y 34,3%), mientras que más niñas presentan este problema mediante el síndrome empírico hallado en la muestra clínica (19,8% frente a 12,2% niños) (AU)

This report shows the characteristics of the empirical type externalizing syndromes, and the diagnostic prevalence rates in a clinic pediatric sample. The instrument used was the ClinicalChild Inventory (ICI) that is based on the second part of the Child Behavior Checklist, to assess behavior and emotions. It was carried out by 300 subjects (males and females, aged 6 to 12 of the Clinical Child Psychology Unit of University Hospital of Murcia, from the consultation pediatric hospital. By conducing factor analysis, three externalizing syndromes that are equal to three disruptive behavior disorders were found: dissocial, oppositional defiant and Attention deficit/hyperactivity. It has been obtained different prevalences estimated from punctuation obtained from our sample (18.1; 18.5 and 14.5 respectively); and the score equal to 98 percentile of CBCL (44%; 28,3% y 40,6%). The results indicate that there are not differences between boys and girls in dissocial disorders; while the oppositional defiant disorder is more prevalent in boys than in girls. About Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, it was found that is more prevalent in boys than in girls using CBCL (49,3% and 34,3%), and more prevalent in girls than in boys using empirical syndrome obtained in this clinic sample (19,8% girls, 12,2% boys) (AU)